Pages

Powered By Blogger

Wednesday 14 June 2023

沙巴20点

沙巴20点最低要求备忘录

1962 年 8 月 13 日至 14 日     唐納德·斯蒂芬斯 (Donald Stephens) 召集了一次沙巴政治領導人會議( The United Party, The Democratic Party and the Pasok Momogun Party, UNKO and USNO ),他們起草了一份 14 點(後來是 20 點)的最低要求備忘錄。這得到了砂拉越的支持。 


第一点:宗教

虽然伊斯兰教被列为马来西亚官方宗教而没有做出任何反对,然而伊斯兰教不应该在北婆罗洲实行。且所有在马来亚联合邦宪法中有关伊斯兰教的法规应当不许在北婆罗洲实行。

第二点:语文

马来文应该被列为马来西亚国语。
英文必须持续使用至到十年后的马来西亚日。
无论在何时、何地点或对洲与直辖区执行的目的,英文必须列为北婆罗洲的官方语言。

第三点:宪法

虽然北婆罗洲接受马来亚宪法作为马来西亚宪法的基础,马来西亚宪法需要是一份新的草拟文件,并需得到各州的同意。北婆罗洲的新宪法亦应受到重视。

第四点:联邦最高元首

北婆罗洲元首无权角逐马来西亚最高元首。

第五点:联邦名称

是“马来西亚”,而不是“大马来亚”。

第六点:入境事务

应与中央(联邦政府)联合管理,但中央政府对北婆罗洲的一切移民事务应先得到北婆罗洲政府的首肯。除安全理由外,中央政府对人员入境北婆罗洲并没有否决权。北婆罗洲在入境与出境事务中有保留权。

第七点:退出权力

北婆罗洲不应有权从联邦脱离。

第八点:婆罗洲化

指定当地人成为北婆罗洲公务员的过程应尽快实行。

第九点:英国官员

尽量鼓励英籍官员留任直到有适当北婆罗洲人选可以取代时为止。

第十点:国籍

根据科博德委员会报告的第148(k)段,北婆罗洲下列居民持有马来西亚国籍:
在北婆罗洲居住满五年
十年内有七年在北婆罗洲居住
出生于北婆罗洲,父母为北婆罗洲居民

第十一点:税收和金融

北婆罗洲负责自己的财务、发展及税收,并有权自行征税及借贷。

第十二点:原住民或土著人的特殊地位

北婆罗洲土著应享有类似于马来亚联合邦马来人的特权,但现有马来亚模式对北婆罗洲未必完全适用。

第十三点:政府

北婆罗洲总理由立法会非官守议员选出。
北婆罗洲实行部长制。

第十四点:转型时期

在加入马来西亚的七年过渡期内,北婆罗洲之立法权力将由北婆罗洲宪法赋予,联邦政府暂无权力插手
第十五点:教育

北婆罗洲的教育系统会被保留,并由北婆罗洲政府控制。

第十六点:保护宪法

在未获得北婆罗洲政府的同意之下,联邦政府没有权利修订或废除保护北婆罗洲权益的条文。
北婆罗洲的修宪权归北婆罗洲人民所有。

第十七点:联邦议会的代表

联邦国会的代表不仅仅应取决于北婆罗洲人口但也必须取决于州的面积,国会代表的人数亦不可少过新加坡代表的数量。

第十八点:首长名称

国家元首。

第十九点:国家名称
沙巴。

第二十点:土地、森林、当地政府和其他

联邦宪法规定之国家土地局权力并不适用于北婆罗洲。同样地,北婆罗洲亦不属地方政府委员会的权力范围内。


The 20 points

Point 1: Religion

While there was no objection to Islam being the national religion of Malaysia, there should be no State religion in North Borneo, and the provisions relating to Islam in the present Constitution of Malaya should not apply to North Borneo.

Point 2: Language

a. Malay should be the national language of the Federation

b. English should continue to be used for a period of 10 years after Malaysia Day

c. English should be an official language of North Borneo for all purposes, State or Federal, without limitation of time.

Point 3: Constitution

Whilst accepting that the present Constitution of the Federation of Malaya should form the basis of the Constitution of Malaysia, the Constitution of Malaysia should be a completely new document drafted and agreed in the light of a free association of states and should not be a series of amendments to a Constitution drafted and agreed by different states in totally different circumstances. A new Constitution for North Borneo was of course essential.

Point 4: Head of Federation

The Head of State in North Borneo should not be eligible for election as Head of the Federation.

Point 5: Name of Federation

"Malaysia" but not "Melayu Raya".

Point 6: Immigration

Control over immigration into any part of Malaysia from outside should rest with the Central Government but entry into North Borneo should also require the approval of the State Government. The Federal Government should not be able to veto the entry of persons into North Borneo for State Government purposes except on strictly security grounds. North Borneo should have unfettered control over the movements of persons other than those in Federal Government employ from other parts of Malaysia into North Borneo.

Point 7: Right of Secession

There should be no right to secede from the Federation

Point 8: Borneanisation

Borneanisation of the public service should proceed as quickly as possible.

Point 9: British Officers

Every effort should be made to encourage British Officers to remain in the public service until their places can be taken by suitably qualified people from North Borneo.

Point 10: Citizenship

The recommendation in paragraph 148(k) of the Report of the Cobbold Commission should govern the citizenship rights in the Federation of North Borneo subject to the following amendments:

a) sub-paragraph (i) should not contain the proviso as to five years residence

b) in order to tie up with our law, sub-paragraph (ii)(a) should read "7 out of 10 years" instead of "8 out of 10 years"

c) sub-paragraph (iii) should not contain any restriction tied to the citizenship of parents – a person born in North Borneo after Malaysia must be federal citizen.

Point 11: Tariffs and Finance

North Borneo should retain control of its own finance, development and tariff, and should have the right to work up its own taxation and to raise loans on its own credit.

Point 12: Special position of indigenous races

In principle the indigenous races of North Borneo should enjoy special rights analogous to those enjoyed by Malays in Malaya, but the present Malaya formula in this regard is not necessarily applicable in North Borneo.

Point 13: State Government

a) the Prime Minister should be elected by unofficial members of Legislative Council

b) There should be a proper Ministerial system in North Borneo.

Point 14: Transitional period

This should be seven years and during such period legislative power must be left with the State of North Borneo by the Constitution and not be merely delegated to the State Government by the Federal Government.

Point 15: Education

The existing educational system of North Borneo should be maintained and for this reason it should be under state control.

Point 16: Constitutional safeguards

No amendment modification or withdrawal of any special safeguard granted to North Borneo should be made by the Central Government without the positive concurrence of the Government of the State of North Borneo
The power of amending the Constitution of the State of North Borneo should belong exclusively to the people in the state.
(Note: The United Party, The Democratic Party and the Pasok Momogun Party considered that a three-fourths majority would be required in order to effect any amendment to the Federal and State Constitutions whereas the UNKO and USNO considered a two-thirds majority would be sufficient.)

Point 17: Representation in Federal Parliament

This should take account not only of the population of North Borneo but also of its size and potentialities and in any case should not be less than that of Singapore.

Point 18: Name of Head of State

Yang di-Pertua Negara.

Point 19: Name of State

Sabah.

Point 20: Land, Forests, Local Government, etc.

The provisions in the Constitution of the Federation in respect of the powers of the National Land Council should not apply in North Borneo. Likewise, the National Council for Local Government should not apply in North Borneo.

No comments:

Post a Comment